Back pain is one of the most common complaints among people. Unlike all other mammals, are the only people experiencing back problems, because to go directly to a significant increase in the load on the spine.
The spinal column is made up of several sections, and often throbbing pain in the back is localized only in one of them.
Causes discomfort
Factors that affect the wear and tear of the spine known to all:
- sedentary a sedentary lifestyle;
- the lack of movement;
- the sudden weight lifting;
- heavy physical labour.
In addition, the impact of the genetic factors and comorbidities, which, for example, reduced blood flow to the spine.
The spine is a group of vertebrae, between which there are elastic disks, which play the role of shock absorber. The mobility of all segments attach to the facet joints and articular cartilage.
Violation of the integrity or location on which any part of the vertebrae leads to a variety of diseases, and expressions of pain.
From the spinal cord of specific nerve roots that go close to the vertebrae, so most of the discomfort associated with their breach.
Mostly throbbing pain in the spine occurs due to the following reasons:
- Cracks in the vertebrae.
- Pain in the low back.
- Spondylosis.
- A hernia between the vertebrae.
- Lumbago.
Such a serious disease are easily distinguished from ordinary back pain, since in the latter case it is only inflammation or stretching of the muscles, and the condition to run faster. In the case of injury to the spine with the feelings are very strong and require a serious consideration of the measures.
Cracks in the spine
In fact, in the medical community the term is not adopted. The term "crack" means quite incomplete fracture without spinal cord injury.
The spine is designed to support the entire body, while at the same time is very flexible and customizable as possible, to make a variety of turns, the pivots. But, even so almost perfect mechanism, which is very unstable.
Cracks can occur due to the following reasons:
- A bad fall or the implementation of sports exercises.
- Falling from a great height.
- A strong compression of the body (such as a car accident).
Older people constitute a special risk group because they have such damage can occur even with minimal strain on the back, their vertebrae are too fragile and not sufficiently supplied with necessary microelements.
Not always people can immediately suspicious in itself, a violation of the integrity of the vertebrae. In some cases, the cracks are so minor that they will continue to live. However, most of these changes are immediately felt.
The typical symptoms of fractures in the spine:
- strong, sharp and throbbing pain at the site of injury, which may spread to other areas of the back;
- increased pain on palpation or change in position of the body;
- the formation of swelling and bruising at the site of injury;
- the tension of the back muscles and limitation of movement.
If the result of injury to the fractured part of the vertebra, it can compress the nerve endings of the spine or hurt the spinal cord itself, in this case, the pain is burning and sharp, and it is necessary to take measures, emergency treatment in hospital to remove a splinter.
Osteochondrosis
Low back pain is a pathology associated with degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs and articular cartilage.
Develops most often in people age due to poor nutrition of the tissues, but are recently diagnosed "younger". Due to the lack of nutrients suffering from the first disc between the vertebrae, which loses its firmness and flexibility. This is to reduce the size, press and consequently ceases to perform its main function in the adjacent vertebrae. This thin pad is not able to separate the bone tissue of the vertebrae to each other, and they begin to interact, causing inflammation.
Degenerative changes in disc lead to the same irregularities and pinching of the nerve roots.
Further changes affecting the vertebrae and of the joints and ligaments. Bone tissue grows due to the lost mobility of the spine becomes crooked, the development of kyphosis, scoliosis.
For a reference! The cargo, which is distributed unevenly depending on the human body, for example, the heavy bag, which is from day to day to wear on the shoulder, leading to diseases of the spine.
To elicit the disease can not only age, but also a number of other reasons:
- increased load on the spine: heavy physical work, obesity, occupations associated with continuous sitting or standing;
- on metabolic disorders;
- poisoning;
- lack of vitamins and minerals;
- physical illness;
- hormonal changes.
Low back pain is divided into the cervical, thoracic and lumbar.
Symptoms:- With the defeat of the cervix you experience the following symptoms: pain in the neck, arms, numbness, hearing loss, headaches.
- With the defeat of the chest appear: pain, back pain, shortness of breath, pain in the heart muscle.
- With the defeat of the lumbar feels throbbing pain in the lower back, the sacrum, and then spreads to the legs. Can occur disorders of the urinary organs.
With the defeat of the cervical spine is the circulation of the brain and, consequently, there are additional symptoms:
- the pressure drop.
- nausea;
- dizziness, the appearance of the dots and spots before the eyes;
- sleep disorders.
Often osteochondrosis appears, or throbbing pain, which pulls the spine in the lumbar region. This is due to the fact that they are the top 5 vertebrae that presses on the whole of the upper part of the spine. In addition, this area is more strained when lifting loads, tilt, swivel.
Spondylosis
Spondylosis is a disease in which the edges of the vertebrae are formed by growths on the bone, pathological bone growths. This condition is the next step after osteochondrosis.
Due to the deformation of the intervertebral discs and the development of local inflammation thickens the bone tissues of the vertebrae. Eventually begin to Deposit calcium salts, which is formed of the so-called spikes, which compresses the nerve roots and spinal vessels.
Disease causes often are:
- a back injury;
- age;
- chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes);
- obesity.
The symptoms are similar to osteoarthritis and results in the form of pain in the innervated area, muscle tension, restriction of mobility, increased kyphosis, or lordosis.
It is interesting fact! Spondylosis he suffered another of the old people. Archaeologists can detect such pathological changes in the vertebral structure of the residues of the mummy.
A hernia between vertebrae
The disease does not usually appear suddenly. Gradual compression disk located between the vertebrae. Some part of the fibrous ring (the outer shell) in addition to the edge of the bobbin. In this case speak only of the disk protrusion.
With a strong or sharp compression, insufficient nutrition of the tissues of fibrous ring to burst and then the inner part of the disk pulpous nucleus comes out. In this case, the diagnosis is hernia. The core affects the nerve endings and this causes a burning sensation pain.
Most often hernias are localized in the lumbar. A person experiences the following symptoms:
- the pain, which is sprayed into the buttocks and legs;
- numbness in the legs;
- failure of the urogenital system.
For herniation of the cervical characterized by: numbness in hands, pressure fluctuations, dizziness, pain radiating to the shoulders.
For herniated thoracic (which happens less often), typical chest pain, which is often perceived as a disease of the adjacent organs.
Lumbago
The term lumbago refers to the throbbing low back pain with different causes. This is not an independent disease, but merely a reflection of negative changes in the vertebrae.
On the basis of lumbago are dystrophic and degenerative processes in the spine. Often the root cause as many other conditions – low back pain.
In addition, lumbago, can be caused by:
- ankylosing spondylitis;
- injuries and tumors of the spine;
- tuberculosis;
- congenital dysplasia.
The condition is often referred to as lumbago, pain in the lumbar, since the resulting pain is sharp and throbbing.
In this state of a person who is severely bent and cannot straighten up. Relief brings the prone position on a hard surface to put under her pillow. Because acute pain occurs muscle spasm and tense muscles are even more discomfort.
If affects the sciatic nerve root, which appears, lumbago, pain spreading into the buttocks and thighs.
In addition to the pain in lumbago causes such symptoms as:
- numbness of the skin at the site of acute pain or, on the contrary, the feeling of tingling and "pins and needles";
- heart palpitations;
- sweating.
The status of lumbago may take from a few hours to a few days and sometimes stops on its own, without any interference.
Throbbing pain in the back, it is almost always a sign of injury of the spine. It is not enough to relax or change position. At the first signs of pathology you need to go to the doctors for an accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.