Hiprosis of the hip joint is a progressive and chronic disease of the musculoskeletal system. Dystrophic lesions begin in the cartilage tissue, which change their structure, become loose, fibrous, thin, and lose their damping function. As a result, the bone joints begin to rub against each other, motor activity is lost, and pain occurs. Without treatment, a person becomes disabled.
Clinical picture and causes of arthrosis
Hip arthrosis occupies a leading position among diseases of the musculoskeletal system and mainly affects the adult population after 35 years. In the medical classifier, MBK 10 was given the M16 code.
The hip joint is the largest in the human body and bears the greatest load. It connects the bones to the pelvis and is spherical. The round head of the femur is inserted into the acetabular incision. Its surface is covered with cartilaginous fabric, which allows bones to slip and performs shock-absorbing functions, protecting bones from friction, destruction and providing room for maneuver.
The mechanism of arthrosis is simple:
- The amount of synovial fluid decreases, which causes the joint to wash out worse and the nutrient supply decreases.
- The structure of the joint loosens. Due to the friction, the cartilage becomes thinner and does not reduce the pressure on the bones.
- Growths (osteophytes) form along the edges of the bone sites.
- The joint gap gradually narrows.
- The person experiences severe pain, movement problems, shortening of the limb, which causes lameness.
Hip arthrosis can occur for several reasons, but is most often caused by a combination of adverse conditions. The disease is divided into primary and secondary. In the first case, doctors do not find a cause for the disease, in the second case, due to certain pathologies, arthrosis occurs.
Main reason:
- injury;
- stresses, especially in the post-traumatic period when the joint has not yet recovered;
- overweight;
- congenital anomaly of the femoral head (dysplasia);
- heredity;
- arthritis (arthritis);
- prolonged stress;
- hormonal changes and diseases of the endocrine system;
- infectious diseases.
Arthrosis can be unilateral, with damage to the right or left hip joint. More often, there is a two-way option when the pathological process affects both sides.
Symptoms and extent of arthrosis
The clinic of arthrosis depends directly on the stage of the disease. At first, a person begins to feel a slight discomfort in the groin and morning stiffness of the foot, while swelling and swelling of the soft tissues does not occur. The development of the pathology begins with an acute period characterized by intense pain.
For a comment. If the first symptoms occur, a doctor should be consulted and an examination should be performed. Early illness responds well to treatment.
The main complaints of all patients are pain and limited mobility. Their severity depends on the dystrophic changes in the cartilage.
There are 3 stages of the disease:
- At 1 degree, discomfort occurs only after prolonged physical exertion (climbing, running, cycling), which disappears on its own after rest. The muscles are in good condition, the movements are not restricted. The X-ray shows the narrowing of the joint gap.
- At 2 degrees, pain begins, which is applied to the lumbar area, spreading to the buttocks and anterior thighs. When you start to get up or walk, there are "starting" pains that go away after 2-3 minutes. After a long load, the pain increases and goes away at rest. decreases with painful sensations, spasms of smooth muscles. On radiography, small osteophytes are seen along the edges of the bony areas of the joints. The femoral neck is thickened and widened, and the joint gap narrows considerably.
- In 3 degrees of the disease, the pain is permanent and does not subside at rest. While walking, patients use makeshift objects (stick, crutches). There is atrophy of the muscle tissue in the thighs and lower legs, the limb is shortened - the patient is forced to the tips of the fingers to reach the ground. X-rays show massive osteophytes, the thighs are flattened, and the joint gap is virtually invisible.
Some doctors also differentiate grade 4 disease. The ossification of the joint and complete disability occurs on it, one cannot move without the help of crutches. The extent of arthrosis is determined by radiographs, which help clarify the etiology of the pathological process.
The following types of arthrosis are distinguished:
- dysplastic - the slope of the acetabulum is determined;
- post-traumatic - depends on the nature of the injury and the shape of the joint after the bones have merged.
Pediatric arthrosis
The causes of pathology in children are trauma, subluxation, and dysplasia. Metabolic disorders can cause cartilage destruction.
The main symptom of the disease in children is pain syndrome after long games. With the development of arthrosis, they become more intense and stronger. The child refuses to run, his appetite decreases, excessive tearing appears. The second symptom is limited mobility in the affected joint, numbness of the foot. Parents should pay attention to the characteristic cracking. If the first symptoms appear, a doctor should be consulted immediately.
For a comment. A child’s body regenerates faster than an adult’s. Timely treatment saves the child from disability.
If the diagnosis is confirmed, the main goal is to improve the blood supply to the joint. For this, the doctor prescribes various physiotherapy procedures, practical therapy, visits to sanatoriums, and medications.
Prevention consists of proper nutrition. Vitamins B, C, D are especially important. You need to walk a lot in the fresh air, move actively and avoid traumatic situations.
The difference between arthrosis and other joint diseases
Many patients, after hearing the diagnosis of "arthrosis, " confuse it with other joint diseases. Doctors often record "coxarthrosis" in their medical history. Consonant words confuse the patient.
Arthrosis is a common name for pathological processes that cause the destruction of cartilage tissue. It usually goes away with joint deformity without infectious and inflammatory processes. It can affect the knee, elbow, shoulder and other joints. Coxarthrosis is arthrosis of the hip joint, as indicated by the prefix "cox, " which highlights a specific area.
What is the difference between sacroiliitis and arthrosis? In the first case, inflammation of the sacroiliac joint occurs, characterized by pain in the sacrum during sitting. There is swelling in the vertebrae, pain in the buttocks. In arthrosis, the cartilage becomes thinner, causing the bones to rub - causing pain.
Arthritis is an inflammatory process in the joint tissues. The difference compared to arthrosis is that the latter is caused by mechanical movements that lead to cartilage wear. In the case of arthritis, swelling and redness occur in the joint region, the cause of infectious diseases or inflammatory processes in the body. The reactive phase of the disease almost always causes arthrosis. The sensations of pain are similar, but in coxarthrosis they subside at night and become stronger in the case of arthritis.
The clinical picture is similar. Doctors perform blood sampling and analysis to properly diagnose and rule out arthritis and sacroiliitis. Increased levels of leukocytes and ESR indicate an inflammatory process in the body.
Diet
Arthrosis requires long-term and complex treatment based on medication, physiotherapy, movement therapy and massage, while diet plays an important role. Adequate nutrition is required during both the exacerbation and remission stages. It should be balanced and contain all the essential vitamins. In addition, diet promotes weight loss, which reduces joint stress.
Authorized products:
- vegetables and fruits;
- lean meats;
- crumbly porridge on the water;
- dairy products;
- bran bread;
- a fish;
- Honey;
- mushrooms;
- nuts.
The menu should include gelatin. Based on this, you can make various desserts from berries and fruits, as well as jelly meat. Eat cottage cheese, yogurt, milk daily. It is better to replace chicken eggs with quail eggs. Boil, simmer or simmer the food. Remove fried and greasy foods. Prefer vegetable oils. Drink at least 1, 5 clean water a day. The temperature of the food should not be too high or too low.
Avoid fast bites, fast food with fresh soda water. Excludes semi-finished products, sausages and preserves. Prefer natural products without added preservatives.
What is forbidden:
- pickles;
- smoked products;
- white bread and bakery products;
- hot spices;
- garlic;
- radish;
- fatty meats;
- Salo;
- conserve;
- mayonnaise;
- high fat dairy products;
- carbonated beverages;
- alcohol.
Important. Meals should be frequent, at least 5-6 times a day, 200 grams. The best way to make a snack is with your favorite fruits, drink a glass of kefir at night. The diet should not exceed 2000 kcal for women and 3000 kcal for men.
Prophylaxis
Preventive measures consist of the timely elimination of the causes of the disease and general strengthening measures.
To prevent the disease from developing, you must follow the following rules:
- Pursue an active lifestyle. Swimming and exercise are recommended without joint strain. Preventive methods include a bath and sauna that improve blood flow and remove toxins.
- Follow your diet. This is needed to provide the body with the necessary vitamins and speed up metabolic processes.
- Avoid hypothermia. Low temperatures cause muscle cramps, which degrade the blood supply to the joint.
- Minimize the potential for trauma, especially in the development of coxarthrosis.
According to the rules, the patients' opinions were positive. A reduction in pain, restoration of joint mobility, and improvement in well-being have been observed.
Coxarthrosis or arthrosis of the hip is a chronic disease with exacerbation and remission. Timely treatment allows the dystrophic process in the cartilage tissue to be stopped and the mobility of the legs to be maintained. In the absence of therapy, a person becomes disabled, in which case the musculoskeletal system can only be restored through surgery and joint replacement.